Peptide library

Semaglutide is a prescription GLP-1 receptor agonist and an approved gold standard for treating type 2 diabetes and obesity, offering significant weight loss as well as cardiovascular and renal benefits.

Tirzepatide is a highly effective dual GLP-1/GIP agonist that led to over 20% weight loss in studies, but it comes with significant gastrointestinal risks.

Experimental triple agonist (GLP-1/GIP/glucagon) with up to 30.3% weight loss in phase 3 trials. BLA submission to FDA planned for Q1 2027.

AOD-9604 is a modified hGH fragment (16 amino acids) that could break down fat in animal studies, but failed to prove effectiveness in the large human study OPTIONS. Its very good safety profile without an IGF-1 increase remains noteworthy. It is not approved and is banned in sports.

Cagrilintide is a long-acting copy of the body's own satiety hormone amylin (a so-called amylin analog) from Novo Nordisk, given as a weekly injection to enhance feelings of fullness; combined with semaglutide (CagriSema), it achieves over 20% weight loss. The FDA approval application for CagriSema was submitted in December 2025.

Adipotide (FTPP) is an experimental peptidomimetic - a lab-designed molecule that mimics natural peptides - that destroys the blood vessels supplying white fat tissue, leading to rapid weight loss in primates but halting clinical development due to severe kidney toxicity.

Mazdutide is an investigational once-weekly dual GLP-1/glucagon receptor agonist for obesity and type 2 diabetes that has demonstrated up to 20.1 % weight loss in Chinese clinical trials and is currently approved only in China.

Survodutide is an investigational, unapproved dual glucagon/GLP-1 receptor agonist showing significant weight loss and liver-protective effects in clinical trials.

SLU-PP-332 is a synthetic pan-ERR agonist and 'exercise mimetic' that mimics endurance-sport metabolic benefits in mouse studies - without human trials or approval.

Eloralintide (LY3841136) is an experimental, selective amylin receptor agonist from Eli Lilly for treating obesity. In a phase 2 study, it achieved up to 20.1% weight loss as monotherapy over 48 weeks.

MOTS-c is a mitochondrial peptide (16 amino acids) that activates AMPK and is considered an 'exercise mimetic'. A first human pilot study (2025) showed improved insulin sensitivity, but there is no approval for human use.

SS-31 (Elamipretide) is a mitochondria-targeted peptide that stabilizes cardiolipin, recently FDA-approved as FORZINITY for Barth syndrome, though it failed clinical trials for broader conditions like general fatigue and heart failure.

NAD+ is a central coenzyme (a helper molecule in metabolism) for energy, repair, and longevity. Levels drop with age, and oral precursors (NR/NMN) plus IV infusions aim to restore them.

5-Amino-1MQ is a small, non-peptide molecule that inhibits the NNMT enzyme. It is meant to support NAD+ metabolism in fat cells - so far only demonstrated in rodent models.

Glutathione (GSH) is an endogenous tripeptide and the most important cellular antioxidant. It is taken orally or injected (off-label), with limited to moderate human evidence.

BPC-157 is a regenerative peptide derived from gastric juice that promotes angiogenesis and tissue healing, though human evidence remains sparse and it is banned by WADA.

GHK-Cu (copper tripeptide-1) is a copper peptide produced by the body that is believed to help regenerate skin. Its effects are well documented in the lab (cell cultures and animal studies), but so far there are no meaningful clinical studies in humans.

TB-500 is a synthetic peptide fragment (usually 7 amino acids) derived from Thymosin Beta-4. In animal studies, it promotes tissue repair, but it has no approved human studies and is banned in sports.

MGF (Mechano Growth Factor) is a naturally occurring splice variant of IGF-1 that activates muscle stem cells in preclinical models, though it lacks human clinical trials and remains unapproved.

SNAP-8 (Acetyl Octapeptide-3) is a synthetic cosmetic peptide that inhibits SNARE complex formation, aiming to reduce expression lines. Evidence comes mostly from manufacturer-sponsored studies.

Cardiogen (AEDR) is a synthetic tetrapeptide from Russian bioregulator research. Cell and animal studies show cardiac tissue regeneration, reduced apoptosis, and anti-tumor effects. No human studies, no approval.

Cartalax (Ala-Glu-Asp, also T-31) is a synthetic tripeptide from the Khavinson school of peptide bioregulators, studied for cartilage and bone tissue. The evidence is purely preclinical - there are no human studies.

ARA-290 (Cibinetide) is an 11-amino-acid peptide from the helix B region of erythropoietin. It activates the innate repair receptor and has been studied in phase 2 trials for neuropathy.

AHK-Cu (Copper Tripeptide-3) is a synthetic copper peptide related to GHK-Cu, mainly studied for stimulating hair follicles. The evidence base is extremely thin.

Two experimental growth-hormone secretagogues that stimulate natural HGH release through complementary receptors-but lack published combination RCTs and carry notable safety risks, including a fatal safety signal (i.e., a participant death occurred during clinical trials) for the DAC variant.

Tesamorelin (Egrifta, Egrifta SV, Egrifta WR) is a prescription synthetic peptide that stimulates the body's own growth hormone release and is specifically approved to reduce visceral belly fat in HIV patients with lipodystrophy.

GHRP-6 is a synthetic hexapeptide (a very short protein chain) that mimics the body's hunger hormone (ghrelin) to stimulate growth hormone release and significantly increase appetite. It remains entirely unapproved for human therapy.

Sermorelin is a lab-made fragment (29 amino acids long) of the body's own 'release signal' for growth hormone - known to doctors as growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH). It prompts a functioning pituitary gland to release the body's own growth hormone in rhythmic pulses.

Epithalon is an experimental, synthetic tetrapeptide investigated for telomerase activation (stimulating an enzyme that slows cellular aging) and anti-aging, though its efficacy in humans remains entirely unproven and lacks clinical validation.

Ipamorelin is a small, lab-made peptide consisting of five amino acids. It is intended to trigger a gentle growth hormone boost in the body, which is why it is used off-label (i.e., outside officially approved applications) for anti-aging and regeneration. Technically, it acts as an agonist (a substance that selectively activates a receptor) at the ghrelin receptor (GHS-R1a), the docking site for the body's own 'hunger hormone' ghrelin, located in the pituitary gland (brain

Hexarelin (Examorelin) is a highly potent synthetic hexapeptide that triggers the strongest acute release of growth hormones among GHRPs and also has unique heart-protective properties via the CD36 receptor.

GHRP-2 (pralmorelin) is a synthetic, tiny protein molecule (hexapeptide) that acts as a key at specific docking sites in the brain (ghrelin-receptor agonist). It triggers the body to release burst-like pulses of natural growth hormone and also significantly increases appetite.

IGF-1 LR3 is a synthetic, unapproved research chemical and modified analog of human IGF-1 designed for an extended half-life and potent muscle-building effects, carrying significant risks like severe hypoglycemia.

Follistatin-344 (FS-344) is a 344-amino-acid isoform of the endogenous glycoprotein follistatin that neutralizes myostatin and activin, but human evidence exists only from small gene-therapy trials in muscular dystrophy, with no approved drug formulation and no peptide dosing data.

CJC-1295 is a synthetic peptide (a small protein molecule) that mimics the body's natural signal, encouraging it to release more of its own growth hormone (GH) and IGF-1. As a GHRH analog, it triggers this GH and IGF-1 release in pulses. The DAC variant acts for 6-8 days - clinically studied but never approved.

FOXO4-DRI is a modified peptide that specifically eliminates senescent cells - cells that no longer divide but also don't die. So far, only animal tests and cell cultures exist, no human studies.

Selank and Semax are Russian heptapeptides as nasal sprays - Selank for anxiety, Semax for cognition. Comparison hub with table, details on individual pages.

Why might this matter to you? If you struggle with sleep problems or chronic stress, you may come across DSIP: a naturally occurring small protein molecule made of 9 amino acids (a so-called nonapeptide) that may play a role in sleep. It was first isolated in 1974 from the cerebral blood of sleeping rabbits, and is researched today mainly for its delta-sleep-promoting, stress-regulating and neuroprotective effects (i.e. protecting brain nerve cells).

Cerebrolysin is a porcine-derived peptide complex that mimics natural brain growth factors (like BDNF and NGF) to support nerve cell survival and regeneration. It is used clinically for stroke, traumatic brain injury, and dementia, though independent reviews rate the overall evidence as limited.

Oxytocin, frequently popularized in media as the "cuddle hormone," is a naturally occurring cyclic peptide composed of 9 amino acids. Medically approved to induce labor and treat severe postpartum bleeding, it remains strictly experimental in intranasal psychiatric applications.

Semax is a synthetic heptapeptide and ACTH(4-7) analog that has been approved in Russia since 1994 as a nasal spray for neuroprotection and cognitive support. It is not approved outside Russia.

Selank is a synthetic heptapeptide from Russia, approved as a nasal spray for anxiety disorders. It relieves anxiety without sedation and also modulates the immune system.

Pinealon (EDR, Glu-Asp-Arg) is a synthetic tripeptide from the Khavinson bioregulator family that targets the brain and pineal gland. It is being researched for neuroprotective and cognitive effects, usually taken orally as a capsule in Russian clinical practice.

PE-22-28 (Mini-Spadin) is a synthetic 7-amino-acid peptide and TREK-1 channel blocker with antidepressant effects in mouse models. No human studies, no approval.

PT-141 (bremelanotide) is a prescription medication from the family of so-called melanocortin peptides - these are artificially produced protein messengers that dock onto the brain and trigger signals there. In the US, it is approved under the name Vyleesi for treating low sexual desire (HSDD) in premenopausal women. It works centrally in the brain, but studies often show only small improvements in everyday life.

Kisspeptin-10 (KP-10) is a short peptide made of ten amino acids that acts as the master molecular switch for human reproductive hormones. It triggers the release of LH and FSH through the GnRH signaling pathway.

Gonadorelin is a synthetic decapeptide identical to human GnRH that stimulates LH and FSH release, used primarily for diagnostic testing and pulsatile therapy in hypogonadotropic hypogonadism. However, despite frequent off-label promotion for fertility preservation during testosterone replacement therapy (TRT), there is no robust clinical evidence supporting this use: exogenous testosterone actively suppresses the HPG axis, making such application pharmacologically unfounded.

Testagen (KEDG) is a synthetic tetrapeptide from the Khavinson bioregulator family that targets testicular tissue and testosterone biosynthesis. The evidence is extremely thin and almost exclusively preclinical.

Thymosin alpha-1 (Tα1, thymalfasin) is a naturally occurring 28-amino acid peptide - a small immune-signaling protein (immunomodulatory peptide) - approved in over 35 countries for viral liver inflammation (hepatitis B and C, HBV and HCV) and as a supportive cancer therapy, though it entirely lacks approval or clinical evidence for general anti-aging or immune-boosting use in healthy individuals.

KPV is a tiny protein fragment made of just three amino acids that acts like a brake on inflammation in the body. It belongs to the alpha-MSH family, the body's own signaling molecules that control things like skin pigmentation and inflammatory responses. However, its pharmacological potential so far rests almost exclusively on animal and cell studies - clinical human trials confirming these effects are completely lacking.

LL-37 is the only human cathelicidin, functioning as a naturally occurring antimicrobial peptide that kills pathogens directly and modulates immune responses.

Thymalin is a polypeptide complex from calf thymus, approved in Russia since 1982 as an immunomodulator, and studied in human trials for immune function, blood formation, and healthy aging.

Vilon (Lys-Glu) is a synthetic dipeptide from the Khavinson bioregulator family that targets the thymus and immune cell maturation. Evidence comes almost exclusively from animal and cell culture studies by the developer group; clinical human studies are completely lacking.

Melanotan II (MT-II) is a lab-made substance that mimics a natural hormone in the body, switching on several docking points at once. It was researched as a sunless tanning agent and a sexual enhancer, but is unapproved worldwide due to severe side effects. Technically, MT-II is a non-selective analog of the body's natural α-MSH (a synthetic cyclic peptide), widely known as the "Barbie drug" for its tanning and libido-enhancing effects. Development was halted due to severe side effects like extre

Melanotan-1 (afamelanotide) is a synthetic MC1R agonist that boosts skin pigmentation. Approved as a 16 mg implant (Scenesse) for severe sun intolerance (EPP), it is chemically and clinically distinct from the riskier Melanotan-II.